Genre Text

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Kali ini saya akan posting tentang 13 macam Genre Text dan contoh textnya yang pernah dipelajari dari SMP sampai SMA..

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GENRE TEXT

No	Genre	Social Function	Generic Structure	Language Features
1	Narrative	To amuse , entertain  and to deal with actual or vicarious experience in different ways: Narrative deal with problematic events which lead to crisis or turning point of some kind, which in turn finds are resolutions.	Orientation Sets the scene and introduces the participants.  Evaluation A stepping back to evaluate the plight.  Complication A crisis arises.  Resolution The crisis is resolved for better or worse.  Re-orientation Optional.	-Focus on specific and usually individualized participants.      -Use of material process ( Behavior and verbal process ).       -Use of  relational process and mental process.      -Use temporal conjunction and circumstances.      -Use of past tense.
2	Recount	To retell events for the purpose of informing or entertaining.	Orientation Provides the setting and introduces participants.  Events Tell what happened, in what sequence  Re-orientation Optional, closure of events	-Focus on specific participants.      -Use of material processes.      -Circumstances of time and places.      -Use of past tense.      -Focus on temporal sequences.
3	Spoof	To retell an event with a humorous twist.	Orientation Present the background information on the who, when and where of the event.  Events The body tells the event that took place in the order that happened. Tell what happened in a chronological order.  Twist The event starts to end with an unexpected turn/ provide the funniest part of the story	-Focus on individual participants.      -The use of action verbs.      -The use of connectives ( first, then, finally ).      -The use of adverbial phrases of time and place.      -The use of simple past tense.
4	Analytical Exposition	To persuade the reader or listener that something is the case.	Thesis Position : Introduces topic and indicates writer’s position. Preview : Outlines the main arguments to be presented.   Arguments ü Point : Restated main arguments. Outlined in preview. ü Elaboration : Develops and supports each point/ arguments.  Reiteration Restates writer’s position.	-Focus on generic human and non-human participants.      -Use of simple past tense.      -Use of relational processes.      -Use of internal conjunction to state argument.      -Reasoning through casual conjunction or nominalization.
5	Hortatory Exposition	To persuade the reader or listener that something should or shouldn’t be the case.	Thesis Announcement of issue concern.  Arguments Reason for concern, leading to recommendation.  Recommendation What ought or oughtn’t to happen.	-Focus on generic human and non-human participants, except for speaker or writer referring to self.      -Use of ü Mental processes : To stated what happens. ü Relational processes : To stated what should or shouldn’t be.     -Use of  simple past tense.
6	Discussion	To present ( at least ) to point of view about an issue.	Issue *    Statement *    Preview  Arguments for and against Statement of differing points of view. *    Point *    Elaboration  Conclusion/Recommendation	-Focus on generic human and non-human participants.      Use of  : ü Material processes. E.g. has produced, have developed. To feed. ü Relational processes. E.g. Is, could have, cause, are. ü Mental processes. E.g. feel.      Use of comparative : contrastive and consequential conjunctions.      -Reasoning expressed as verbs and nouns ( Abstractions )
7	Desciption	To describe a particular person, place or thing.	Identification Identifies phenomenon to be describe.  Description Describe parts qualities, characteristics.	-Focus on specific participants.      -Use of attributive and identifying processes.      -Frequent use of Euphrates and classifiers in formal groups.      -Use of simple present tense.
8	Report	To describe the way things are, with reference to a range of natural, man-made and social phenomena in our environment.	General classification Tells what the phenomena under discussions is.  Description  Tells what the phenomena under discussions is like in tern of : ü  Parts. ü  Qualities. ü  Habits or behavior, if living : uses, if non-natural.	-Focus on generic participants.      -Use of relational processes to state what is  and which it is.      -Use of simple present tense ( Unless extinct ).      -No temporal sequence.
9	Procedure	To describe how some things accomplished trough a sequence of action or steps.	Goal  Materials ( not required for all procedural texts).  Steps 1-n ( i.e., goal followed by a series of steps oriented to achieving the goal ).	-Focus on generalized human agents.      -Use of simple present tense, often imperative.      -Use mainly of temporal conjunction ( or numbering to indicate sequence ).      -Use mainly of material processes.
10	Explanation	To explain the processes involved in the formation or workings of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.	General statement To position the reader.  Sequenced explanation Of why or how something occurs.	-Focus generic non human participants.      -Use mainly of material and relational processes.      -Use mainly of temporal and causal circumstances and conjunctions.      -Some use of passive voice to get theme right.
11	News Item	To inform readers, listeners or viewers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.	Newsworthy event (s) Recounts the event in summary form.  Background events Elaborate what happened, to whom in what circumstances.  Sources Comments by participants in, witnesses to an authorities expert on the event.	-Short telegraphic information about story captured in headline.      -Use material processes to retell the event ( in the text bellow, many of the material processes are nominally).      -Use of projecting verbal processes in sources stage.      -Focus on circumstances ( e.g., mostly within qualifiers ).
12	Review	To criticize ( comment ) an art work, event for a public audience. Such : work of art included movies, TV shows, books, plays, opera, recording, exhibitions, concerts and ballets.	Orientation Places the work in its general and particular context, often by comparing it with other of its kind all through analogue with a non object or event.  Interpretative recount Summaries the plot and / provides an account of how the reviewed rendition of the work came into being ; is optional, but if present, often recursive.  Evaluation Provides an evaluation of the work and /  its performances or production ; is usually recursive.  Evaluative summation Provides a kind of punch line which sums up the reviewers opinion of the art event as a whole ; is optional.	-Focus on particular participants.      -Direct expression of option through use of attitudinal epithets in nominal groups; qualitative attributes and effective mental processes.      -Use of elaborating and extending clause and group complex to package the information.      -Use of metaphorical language ( e.g., the wit was there, dexterously ping panged to and fro …. ).
13	Anecdote	To retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers. to share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident	Orientation.         Crisis         Reaction         Coda         Abstract	-Using exclamations, rhetorical question or intensifiers         -Using material process         -Using temporal conjunctions

1.     Narrative Text:

Snow White

Orientation

Once upon a time there lived a little girl named Snow White. She lived with her Aunt and Uncle because her parents were dead.

Major Complication

One day she heard her Uncle and Aunt talking about leaving Snow White in the castle because they both wanted to go to America and they didn’t have enough money to take Snow White.

Resolution

Snow White did not want her Uncle and Aunt to do this so she decided it would be best if she ran away. The next morning she ran away from home when her Aunt and Uncle were having breakfast. She ran away into the woods.

Complication

She was very tired and hungry.

Resolution

Then she saw this little cottage. She knocked but no one answered so she went inside and fell asleep.

Complication

Meanwhile, the seven dwarfs were coming home from work. They went inside. There they found Snow White sleeping. Then Snow White woke up. She saw the dwarfs. The dwarfs said, what is your name? Snow White said, ‘My name is Snow White’.

Major Resolution

Doc said, ‘If you wish, you may live here with us”. Snow White said, ‘Oh could I? Thank you.’ Then Snow White told the dwarfs the whole story and Snow White and the 7 dwarfs lived happily ever after.

 

2.     Recount :

 Holiday

Last week I and my family went to Pangandaran beach for having holiday.

Arived there, we looked for a hotel. Afteer that I visited spill market to buy swiming dress. Then I went to the beach for swimming and surving. The next day, I visited the souvenir shop. There were many kinds of souvenir. I bought some souvenirs there. Meanwhile my parents and my sister were looking for beach dress at the market. Finally, we went home and we had the holiday.

 

            3.     Spoof :

Absence

Joe's Mother got angry because her son got a low mark on English test.
"Why did you get such a low mark on that test?" Asked mother angrily. Asked by his angry mother,Joe just kept silent and went out.
A few moment, Joe came back home and met his mother again. His mother asked the same question.
Joe answered steadily, "Because of absence."
"You mean you were absent on the day of the test?" Mother wondered.
Joe replied, "No, but the kid who sits next to me was."

4.     Analytical Exposition:

The Importance of English 

Thesis { I personally think that English is the world’s most important language. Why do I say that?

Argument 1 { Firstly, English is an international language. It is spoken by many people all around the world, either as a first or second language.

Argument 2 { Secondly, English is also the key which opens doors to scientific and technical knowledge, which is needed for the economic and political development of many countries in the world.

Argument 3 { Thirdly, English is a top requirement of those seeking jobs. Applicants who master either active or passive English are more favorable than those who do not.

Conclusion { From the fact above, it is obvious that everybody needs to learn English to greet the global era. 

 

5.     Hortatory Exposition :

Corruption

Thesis
(Announcement of issue concern)
Do you know what the meaning of corruption is? What is the relation between money and corruption? Well, corruption is common everywhere in the world, even in the United States. It’s just a matter of intensity. However, it is quite shocking when one reliable survey claims Jakarta as the most corrupt place in Indonesia.
Argument 1
The survey has made me sad, actually, because I stay and earn a living here in the capital. As most people know, Tanjung Priok port smuggling is not a new thing at all. Entrepreneurs who want to minimize their tax payments tend to do such a thing more often. They even bribe the officials.
Argument 2
Well, I think the measures taken so far to overcome the problem by punishing the corruptors is still not far enough. We have to prevent the younger generations from getting a bad mentality caused by corruption.
Recommendation
I believe we should start at the earliest stages in school and I think everyone should be involved in the effort to eradicate corruption. We must not make any distinction.
Adapted from: The Jakarta Post, February 2005

 

6.     Discussion:

Gene Splicing

Issue

Genetic research has produced both exciting and frightening possibilities. Scientists are now able to create new forms of life in the laboratory due to the development of gene splicing.

Arguments for

Point

On the one hand, the ability to create life in the laboratory could greatly benefit mankind.

Elaboration

For example, because it is very expensive to obtain insulin from natural sources, scientists have developed a method to manufacture it inexpensively in the laboratory.

Point

Another beneficial application of gene splicing is in a agriculture.

Elaboration

Scientists foresee the day when new plants will be developed using nitrogen from the air instead of from fertilizer. Therefore food production could be increased. In addition, entirely new plants could be developed to feed the world’s hungry people.

Argument against

Point

Not everyone is excited about gene splicing, however. Some people feel that it could have terrible consequences.

Elaboration

A laboratory accident, for example, might cause an epidemic of an unknown disease that could wipe out humanity.

Conclusion

As a result of this controversy, the government has made rules to control genetic experiments. While some members of the scientific community feel that these rules are too strict, many other people feel that they are still not strict enough.\

 

7.     Description:

Borobudur Temple

Borobudur is Hindu - Budhist temple. It was build in the nineth century under Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram kingdom. Borobudur is located in Magelang, Central Java, Indonesia.

Borobudur is well-known all over the world. Its construction is influenced by the Gupta architecture of India. The temple is constructed on a hill 46 m high and consist of eight step like stone terrace. The first five terrace are square and surrounded by walls adorned with Budist sculpture in bas-relief. The upper three are circular. Each of them is with a circle of bell shape-stupa. The entire adifice is crowned by a large stupa at the centre at the centre of the top circle. The way to the summit extends through some 4.8 km of passage and starways. The design of borobudur which symbolizes the structure of universe influences temples at Angkor, Cambodia.

 

8.     Report:

Whales

General Classification

Whales are sea-living mammals

Description: (behaviours, qualities, parts)

They therefore breathe air but cannot survive on land. Some species are very large indeed and the blue whale, which can exceed 30m in length, is the largest animal to have lived on earth. Superficially, the whale looks rather like a fish, but there are important differences in its external structure: its tail consists ofa pair of broad, flat, horizontal paddles (the tail of a fish is vertical) and it has a single nostril on top of its large, broad head. The skin is smooth and shiny and beneath it lies a layer of fat (blubber). This is up to 30 cm in thickness and serves to conserve heat and body fluids.

 

9.     Procedure :

How to Make Tomato Soup

To make a bowl of tomato soup, you must prepare all ingredients below:

• 4 large tomatoes
• spices
• 1 small onion
• ½ teaspoon of salt
• 8 cups of water
• ¼ teaspoon of pepper
• small clove garlic
•  ¼ teaspoon of butter

Here are the steps to make a bowl of tomato soup:

1. Cut tomatoes, onions, and garlic into small pieces.
2. Fry them in a pan with butter for five minutes.
3. Add water, spices, salt and pepper.
4. Heat until the water boils.
5. Turn down the heat and cover with lid. Cook gently for one hour.

 

10.                         Explanation

A Brief Summary of Speech Production

General Statement to Position the Reader

Speech production is made possible by the specialised movements of our vocal organs that generate speech sounds waves.

Explanation

Like all sound production, speech production requires a source of energy. The source of energy for speech production is the steady stream of air that comes from the lungs as we exhale. When we breathe normally, the air stream is inaudible. To become audible, the air stream must vibrate rapidly. The vocal cords cause the air stream to vibrate.

Explanation

As we talk, the vocal cords open and close rapidly, chopping up the steady air stream into a series of puffs. These puffs are heard as a buzz. But this buzz is still not speech.

Explanation

To produce speech sounds, the vocal tract must change shape. During speech we continually alter the shape of the vocal track by moving the tongue and lips,etc. These movements change the acoustic properties of the vocal tract, which in turn produce the different sounds of speech.

11.                         News Item:

Seven Killed in Accident on Jalan Sultan

Newsworthy Event

Seven people were killed in a collision between a bus, a car and a truck at 10:35 p.m. on Jalan Sultan last night.

Backgroud Event

The dead were all passengers in the car. Police believe the car may have been trying to overtake the bus when it was struck by a truck coming from the opposite direction. The driver of the car may not have been using his lights, as the truck driver said he did not see the car approaching.

Sources

The police said the car should not have been trying to pass the bus, since overtaking is not allowed on Jalan Sultan. In addition, the police reported that the car–a small Japanese car–should not have been carrying more than five people. The names of the victims are not yet known.

 

12.                         Review

Private Lives Sparkle

Orientation

Since the first production of’Private Lives’ in 1930, with the theatre’s two leading sophisticates Noel Coward and Gertrude Lawrence in the leads, the play has tended to be seen as a vehicle for stars.

Evaluation

QUT Academy of the Arts’ production boasted no ‘stars’, but certainly fielded potential stars in a sparkling performance that brought out just how fine a piece of craftsmanship Coward’s play is.

Evaluation

More than 60 years later, what new could be deduced from so familiar a theme?

Director Rod Wissler’s highly perceptive approach went beyond the glittery surface of Witty banter to the darker implications beneath.

Interpretative Recount

With the shifting of attitudes to social values, it became clear that Victor and Sibyl were potentially the more admirable of the couples, with standards better adjusted than the volatile and self-indulgent Elyot and Amanda.

Evaluation

The wit was there, dexterously ping-ponged to and fro by a vibrant Amanda (Catherine Jones) and a suave Elyot (Daniel Kealy).

Evaluation

Julie Eckersley’s Sibyl was a delightful creation, and Phillip Cameron-Smith’s more serious playing w&sjust right for Victor. Jodie Levesconte was a superb French maid. James Maclean’s set captured the Thirties atmosphere with many subtle touches.

Evaluative Summation

All involved deserve the highest praise.

 

13.                        Anecdote

Snake in the Bath

Abstract
How would you like to find a snake in your bath? A nasty one too!
Orientation
We had just moved into a new house, which had been empty for so long that everything was in a terrible mess. Anna and I decided we would clean the bath first, so we set to, and turned on the tap.
Crisis
Suddenly to my horror, a snake’s head appeared in the plug-hole. Then out slithered the rest of his long thin body. He twisted and turned on the slippery bottom of the bath, spitting and hissing at us.
Reaction/Incident
For an instant I stood there quite paralysed. Then I yelled for my husband, who luckily came running and killed the snake with the handle of a broom. Anna, who was only three at the time, was quite interested in the whole business. Indeed I had to pull her out of the way or she’d probably have leant over the bath to get a better look!
Coda
Ever since then I’ve always put the plug in firmly before running the bath water.